「反貪腐(Anti-Corruption)」於2018年在台灣開始受到層峰的重視，茲在此回顧「郭立昌的反貪腐倡議」---
2016/8/12關於「利馬反貪宣言(the Declaration of Corruption in Lima)」緣起之報導：
Anti-Corruption
and Transparency (ACT) Experts' Working Group
APEC Leaders committed to implementing general and area-specific APEC
Transparency Standards
in Los Cabos in 2002 and in Bangkok
in 2003. In Chile
in 2004, APEC Economic Leaders acknowledged that corruption is a serious threat
to sustainable economic growth, good governance, market integrity, and enhanced
trade and investment. Senior officials approved a recommendation by APEC Anti-Corruption Experts
to establish the Anti-Corruption Experts’ Task Force.
ACT was upgraded to a working group status in March 2011 following the task
force’s recommendation in 2010 to institutionalize it work, with the purpose of
coordinating the implementation of the Santiago
Commitment to Fight Corruption and Ensure Transparency, the APEC Course of Action
and the APEC Transparency Standards. It also promotes cooperation in areas of extradition,
legal assistance and judicial/law enforcement (especially asset forfeiture and recovery).In
2014 the ACT Working Group adopted the Beijing Declaration on Fighting Corruption.
The ACT is open to anti-corruption experts and law enforcement officials from all
interested APEC member economies, APEC Observers (namely ASEAN, the Pacific Islands
Forum, and the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council), and representatives from the
APEC Secretariat and the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC).
For more information on APEC Anti-Corruption and Transparency Experts' Working
Group Terms of Reference, see Downloads.
Last page update: 12 August 2016
Current Activities
The
22nd ACTWG meeting was held
in Lima, Peru on 23 February 2016.
Key Deliverables
2nd APEC Network
of Anti-Corruption Authorities and Law Enforcement Agencies (ACT-NET) Meeting
The
second ACT-NET meeting was held in Cebu on 23 August
2015. Members supported the goal of the ACT-NET on establishing and developing an
inter-economy network that connects anti-corruption and law enforcement officers.
This serves to enhance informal cross-border cooperation between agencies responsible
for investigations and prosecutions of corruption, bribery, money laundering, and
illicit trade and the identification and return of the proceeds of those crimes.
Focal points met for the second time and had the opportunity to continue their joint
efforts by discussing fugitive repatriation and informal international cooperation,
including multilateral task forces, combating international corruption cases and cross-border law enforcement
operations. Building regional capacity for asset recovery and anti-money laundering
was an additional focus, detailing cases and special operations, as well as information
seeking and step-by-step guides on cross-border cooperation in bribery and ongoing
prosecution cases.
The
3rd ACT-NET Meeting will take
place on 16 August 2016 in
Lima, Peru.
Implementing the UN Convention
against Corruption
In
the APEC Economic Leaders Declaration, Vladivostok,
Russia 2012, Leaders
encouraged members to fully implement the UN Convention against Corruption. Brunei Darussalam, Chile,
China, Indonesia, the Philippines,
New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea, Chinese Taipei, Singapore, Thailand
and Viet Nam
shared their reports on developments and progress in implementing the UN Convention
against Corruption (UNCAC) and other domestic initiatives and legal advances related
to anti-corruption and transparency.
Collaboration with Other
Multilateral Organizations
Representatives
from Transparency International, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OCDE), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Inter-American Development
Bank, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the World Bank, the INTERPOL,
and the American Bar Association (ABA) shared their reports on recent activities
related to transparency and anticorruption and possible opportunities for collaboration
with ACTWG.
Handbook on Prosecuting Corruption and Money Laundering Cases
Chile and Thailand presented
the Handbook "Designing Best Models on Prosecuting Corruption and Money Laundering
Cases Using Financial Flow Tracking Techniques and Investigative Intelligence for
Effective Conviction and Asset Recovery to Promote Regional Economic Integration.”
This handbook highlights the best tools to deal with
investigation and prosecution of complex criminal cases of corruption and money
laundering. The 3rd workshop was held on 24 August 2015, in Cebu, Philippines.
Workshops in 2016
A workshop on “Facing Foreign Bribery”,
where economies shared experiences on their domestic initiatives, was held on 22
February in Lima, Peru, and organized by the High-Level
Commission on Anti-Corruption of Peru. The activity addressed two main topics: the
legal framework for foreign bribery, and the liability of legal persons for bribery.
A
workshop on “Anti-bribery Compliance Programs and Incentives”, co-chaired
by Peru and the United States will be held on 15 August in Lima, Peru.
Workshops and Projects in
2015
Workshop on the Role of
Stakeholders in Fighting Corruption’, organized by the Office of the
Ombudsman,
Philippines, was attended by more than sixty participants, which was inaugurated
by the Overall Deputy Ombudsman Melchor Arthur H. Carandang, 2015 ACT-NET Chair
The sessions included Capacity Assessment of the Anti-Corruption Infrastructure
in the Philippines; Role of Financial Intelligence Units in Tracking Corruption;
Role of Government Auditing in Fighting Corruption; Role of Media in Fighting Corruption.
APEC Pathfinder Dialogue
II: Partnerships for Sustainable Security Strengthening the Fight
Against Corruption
and Illicit Trade:
Anti-corruption
authorities, customs bureaus, and law enforcement agencies’ representatives had
the opportunity to combine their collaborative efforts to combat illegal wildlife
trafficking in the Asia-Pacific by going through an overview of strategic drivers,
and practical examples of poly-crime threat convergence and key elements of multi-agency
and international cooperation to combat corruption and criminal convergence, as
well as by exchanging information on strengthening customs and border security practices.
This event also included breakout sessions that explored the essential role of the
private sector in keeping supply chains free of products obtained by corruption,
fraud, and other illicit means, and also on developing best practices for combating
corruption in the environment, to include, wildlife trafficking, illegal logging,
and illegal fishing.
The
APEC Pathfinder Dialogue III will be held on 18-19 August 2016 in Lima,
Peru.
APEC
ACT-OECD Roundtable on Combatting Corruption Related to Trafficking in Persons:
Members
had the chance to identify best practices at the domestic and regional level in
combating corruption related to trafficking in persons, as well as to explore draft
principles that address these issues jointly. The aim of the OECD Principles on
Combating Corruption Related to Trafficking in Persons was discussed and provided
a useful reference for economies intending to establish, modify, or complement a
framework to address trafficking-related corruption. The focused on corruption that
facilitates human trafficking, which aimed to highlight the importance of combating
corrupt law enforcement agents who facilitate the recruitment, transportation and
exploitation of trafficking victims, and corrupt criminal justice authorities that
help traffickers by obstructing investigations and prosecutions of cases as well
as hinder the protection of victims of trafficking. The APEC – OECD Roundtable showed
the beginning of a process to slow down the levels of human trafficking in the Asia-Pacific
region through honest dialogue about corruption associated with human trafficking;
the challenges on enforcing anti-trafficking law; highlighting the gaps necessary
to develop more holistic anti-trafficking frameworks; and a recognition that we
must better enhance the capacity of investigators, labor inspectors, prosecutors,
and judges, and improve cross-border information-sharing arrangements that enable
more joint investigations.
Upcoming Workshops and Events
The
next ACT meeting will be held on 17 August 2016, in Lima, Peru.
Achievements
ACTWG economies are expected to submit the
individual final reports on implementation of APEC Anti-Corruption Commitments.
In 2009, the ACT focused on governance and
anti-corruption. ACT members agreed on the following two documents, which were endorsed
by APEC Ministers in November 2009:
* Singapore Declaration
on Combating Corruption, Strengthening Governance and Enhancing Institutional Integrity;
and
* APEC Guidelines
on Enhancing Governance and Anti-Corruption.
The Singapore Declaration reaffirms
the commitment of APEC economies towards creating a framework of transparency and
accountability to strengthen governance and institutional integrity.
The APEC Guidelines makes recommendations
on the following areas broadly:
* Establishing legal,
enforcement and regulatory frameworks;
* Cultivating a
culture of governance and anti-corruption across all sectors;
* Implementing measures,
processes, and standards that promote transparency and accountability;
* Enhancing public-private
sector cooperation and dialogue.
In November 2010, APEC Leaders met in Yokohama, Japan
and adopted “The Yokohama Vision – Bogor and Beyond,” which
provides a roadmap for member economies to realize the collective vision of an economically-integrated,
robust and secure APEC community in the 21st Century. In the Declaration, APEC Leaders
recommitted to continue efforts to fight corruption and promote transparency, including
leveraging collective action to combat illicit trade and dismantle transnational
illicit networks across the Asia-Pacific region. APEC Leaders also called for improved
and regular reporting by APEC on its efforts to meet our commitments in this area
to build a secure community in the region.
Contacts
Pablo Sanchez Velarde (Mr)
National Prosecutor and President of the High Level Anti-Corruption Commission of
Peru
Email: rcornejo@pcm.gob.pe
Diego GARCIA GONZALEZ (Mr)
Program Director
